class sample implements Iterator { private $_items = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); public function __construct() { ;//void } public function rewind() { reset($this->_items); } public function current() { return current($this->_items); } public function key() { return key($this->_items); } public function next() { return next($this->_items); } public function valid() { return ( $this->current() !== false ); } } $sa = new sample(); foreach($sa as $key => $val){ print $key . “=>” .$val; }
刚接触到题的时候,我也没有考虑到Iterator模式,试了几个一般想法,失败以后。。。。就直接去翻看了foreach的源码实现,期望发现foreach处理对象的时候是否有什么特殊性,可以做为突破口。
跟踪了半天以后发现了核心逻辑中的一个奇怪的switch:
switch (zend_iterator_unwrap(array, &iter TSRMLS_CC)) { default: case ZEND_ITER_INVALID: ….. break case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT: { …… break; case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY: ….. break; case ZEND_ITER_OBJECT: …… break; }
从这个结构,我们可以看到,对象分为ZEND_ITER_OBJECT和ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT, 这是什么意思呢?
ZEND_API enum zend_object_iterator_kind zend_iterator_unwrap( zval *array_ptr, zend_object_iterator **iter TSRMLS_DC) { switch (Z_TYPE_P(array_ptr)) { case IS_OBJECT: if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(array_ptr) == &iterator_object_handlers) { *iter = (zend_object_iterator *)zend_object_store_get_object(array_ptr TSRMLS_CC); return ZEND_ITER_OBJECT; } if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) { return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT; } return ZEND_ITER_INVALID; case IS_ARRAY: if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) { return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY; } return ZEND_ITER_INVALID; default: return ZEND_ITER_INVALID; } }
这就要讲到PHP的内置接口Iterator了,PHP5开始支持了接口, 并且内置了Iterator接口, 所以如果你定义了一个类,并实现了Iterator接口,那么你的这个类对象就是ZEND_ITER_OBJECT,否则就是ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT.
对于ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT的类,foreach会通过HASH_OF获取该对象的默认属性数组,然后对该数组进行foreach.
而对于ZEND_ITER_OBJECT的类对象,则会通过调用对象实现的Iterator接口相关函数来进行foreach,iterator接口:
Iterator extends Traversable { /* 方法 */ abstract public mixed current ( void ) abstract public scalar key ( void ) abstract public void next ( void ) abstract public void rewind ( void ) abstract public boolean valid ( void ) }